Energy and performance aspects of the curved carbon fiber plate in advanced footwear Technology

This study examined the influence of the curved carbon-fibre plate on the ‘teeter-totter effect’, a lever-like mechanism proposed to enhance propulsion and improve running performance in advanced footwear technology (AFT) shoes. In addition, the relationship between this mechanical effect and the energy cost of running (Erun) was evaluated. Fifteen male recreational runners completed treadmill running trials in two shoe conditions: the Nike Vaporfly 4% (Original VP4) and a modified prototype without a carbon plate (No Plate). Results showed that propulsion moment was significantly reduced in the No Plate condition compared with the Original VP4. Furthermore, greater propulsion moment in the Original VP4 was associated with a significantly lower Erun. These findings suggest that the curved carbon-fibre plate plays a critical role in lowering Erun by enhancing propulsion through a lever-like teeter-totter mechanism, with important implications for understanding and optimising running economy in AFT shoes.