Deterministic by accident: a virtual-knockout tool whose public API does not permit calibration

Calibration needs two things: a random source the user controls, and a null for the readout. The most widely used single-cell virtual-knockout tool offers neither through its documented interface. The exported R function takes 23 arguments. The last of them is `nCores`; none of them is a seed. Four calls to `set.seed(1)` inside the function body fix every source of randomness, so two runs that differ only in the caller's seed come out bitwise identical. There is no run-to-run distribution to calibrate against, and the documentation does not say so. The consequence is concrete. A knockout that removes nothing at all, because the deleted gene has zero out-degree in the very network being perturbed, is read as hitting six of six scored modules. A degree-binned matched null moves the expected count from 1.82 to 2.52. The observation stays at 6. Across three independent datasets, at one pre-registered operating point, the continuous readout agrees in direction (differences in total k of +16.0, +3.0 and +4.0) while the effect size does not transfer. The binary hit count, saturated in most settings and capable of reversing the sign of the comparison it sits in, is retired as a reproduction carrier. What survives is the pipeline itself. Network construction, tensor decomposition and manifold alignment remain usable once a null is computed per run, and a 19-line patch that adds a seed argument, with current behaviour preserved bitwise as the default, makes that calibration possible.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-10-04
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23130072
Primary Topic
Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
Type
preprint
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preprint

Deterministic by accident: a virtual-knockout tool whose public API does not permit calibration

蔡先春, Shengjie Chen, Xiangkui Fang, Kun He et al.
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
preprint

Deterministic by accident: a virtual-knockout tool whose public API does not permit calibration

蔡先春, Shengjie Chen, Xiangkui Fang, Kun He, Hongxin Chen
preprint en

Abstract

Calibration needs two things: a random source the user controls, and a null for the readout. The most widely used single-cell virtual-knockout tool offers neither through its documented interface. The exported R function takes 23 arguments. The last of them is `nCores`; none of them is a seed. Four calls to `set.seed(1)` inside the function body fix every source of randomness, so two runs that differ only in the caller's seed come out bitwise identical. There is no run-to-run distribution to calibrate against, and the documentation does not say so. The consequence is concrete. A knockout that removes nothing at all, because the deleted gene has zero out-degree in the very network being perturbed, is read as hitting six of six scored modules. A degree-binned matched null moves the expected count from 1.82 to 2.52. The observation stays at 6. Across three independent datasets, at one pre-registered operating point, the continuous readout agrees in direction (differences in total k of +16.0, +3.0 and +4.0) while the effect size does not transfer. The binary hit count, saturated in most settings and capable of reversing the sign of the comparison it sits in, is retired as a reproduction carrier. What survives is the pipeline itself. Network construction, tensor decomposition and manifold alignment remain usable once a null is computed per run, and a 19-line patch that adds a seed argument, with current behaviour preserved bitwise as the default, makes that calibration possible.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Bioinformatics and Genomic Networks
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