An integer-visiting process with real multipliers: coverage and rates

A positive noninteger start has its integer part and zero visited; its fractional part is repeatedly multiplied by a real β > 1, visiting and subtracting each unvisited integer part. For every β > 1 and almost every start (or every start and almost every β), this process visits every positive integer, and all limit points of cov (t)/(t log t) lie in [2(β − 1)/(2β + 1), 2β(β − 1)/(2β − 1)], where cov (t) counts new visits until 1, …, t are visited; r new visits take r log_β r + O(r) multiplications, and their largest label is within constant factors of rβ^(√(2 log_β r))/√(log_β r). At integer multipliers its base-β logarithm has the centring of symmetric digital-search-tree height, proved directly in a companion paper. The lower and upper limits of cov (t)/(t log t) are determined exactly for integer multipliers. With 0, 1 visited, a computer-assisted proof gives a residual in ℤ[β_gold] never visiting 99 under β_gold = (1 + √(5))/2; coverage from π at β = 2 and with start and multiplier β_gold remains open. MSC 2020: Primary 11K55; Secondary 11K16, 37E05, 11A63, 60F15, 68P05, 68P30. The accompanying files contain the manuscript, its LaTeX source, and the programs, exact certificates and numerical data for the trajectories, geometric partitions, completion times and finite-sample comparisons.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-10-04
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23138274
Primary Topic
Mathematical Dynamics and Fractals
Type
preprint
Controls
|||
ALL TIME
JAN
FEB
MAR
APR
MAY
JUN
JUL
AUG
SEP
OCT
preprint

An integer-visiting process with real multipliers: coverage and rates

Sungsoo Na
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Mathematical Dynamics and Fractals
preprint

An integer-visiting process with real multipliers: coverage and rates

Sungsoo Na
preprint en

Abstract

A positive noninteger start has its integer part and zero visited; its fractional part is repeatedly multiplied by a real β > 1, visiting and subtracting each unvisited integer part. For every β > 1 and almost every start (or every start and almost every β), this process visits every positive integer, and all limit points of cov (t)/(t log t) lie in [2(β − 1)/(2β + 1), 2β(β − 1)/(2β − 1)], where cov (t) counts new visits until 1, …, t are visited; r new visits take r log_β r + O(r) multiplications, and their largest label is within constant factors of rβ^(√(2 log_β r))/√(log_β r). At integer multipliers its base-β logarithm has the centring of symmetric digital-search-tree height, proved directly in a companion paper. The lower and upper limits of cov (t)/(t log t) are determined exactly for integer multipliers. With 0, 1 visited, a computer-assisted proof gives a residual in ℤ[β_gold] never visiting 99 under β_gold = (1 + √(5))/2; coverage from π at β = 2 and with start and multiplier β_gold remains open. MSC 2020: Primary 11K55; Secondary 11K16, 37E05, 11A63, 60F15, 68P05, 68P30. The accompanying files contain the manuscript, its LaTeX source, and the programs, exact certificates and numerical data for the trajectories, geometric partitions, completion times and finite-sample comparisons.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Mathematical Dynamics and Fractals
AI Navigator

Ask Laika to Summarize, Analyze, and Connect papers live on the map.

Summarize Papers & Methodologies

Extract key findings, datasets, and comparative methods across publications.

Benchmark Rankings & Visual Analytics

Rank top research institutions, authors, funders, topics, and journals by Field-Weighted Citation Impact (FWCI) and paper volume with instant charts.

Connect Distant Disciplines

Bridge topological clusters on the map to find hidden collaborative intersections.

An integer-visiting process with real multipliers: coverage and rates — Sungsoo Na · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS