Anxiety and Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder in the Perinatal Period: Current Evidence and Treatment Approaches

Abstract Purpose Perinatal anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) are among the most prevalent conditions affecting birthing people during pregnancy and the postpartum period, yet remain systematically underidentified relative to perinatal depression. This review synthesizes current evidence on phenomenology, assessment, and treatment to support clinicians in delivering accurate, timely care. Recent Findings Perinatal anxiety affects 15–20% of birthing people antenatally and up to 25% postpartum; OCD prevalence rises from approximately 7.8% in pregnancy to 16.9% postpartum. CBT and ERP are first-line psychological treatments with robust meta-analytic support. Health disparities in identification and treatment are pronounced, particularly for Black and Brown birthing people. Summary Perinatal anxiety and OCD are phenomenologically and treatment-target distinct from perinatal depression. Psychologists are well positioned to lead differential diagnosis, deliver evidence-based treatment, and advocate for integrated perinatal care models that reach underserved populations.