Statistical Analysis of Solution and Process Parameters on Electrospun Nanofiber Diameter

ABSTRACT One of the most important challenges in electrospinning technique is the fabrication of uniform nanofibers with parameter‐dependent control of diameter within the studied range for specific applications. To address this issue, we present a systematic analysis on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) nanofibers, employing Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) to quantitatively assess the impact of four crucial parameters: solution concentration ( C ), flow rate ( F ), applied voltage ( V ), and needle‐to‐collector distance ( D ), using a resource‐efficient fractional factorial design. Average fiber diameter ranged from 91 to 363 nm across the 27 experimental runs. Solution concentration was the dominant factor, accounting for the 47.6% of the total variance in diameter ( p < 0.001), followed by voltage (16.8%, p = 0.002) and needle‐to‐collector distance (6.3%, p = 0.038). Flow rate had no significant effect (0.5%, p = 0.523). A significant interaction between concentration and voltage ( C × V , p = 0.004) was found, indicating that the effect of voltage on fiber diameter depends strongly on solution concentration. A regression model incorporating these parameters and their interactions achieved an R 2 of 83.3% (adjusted R 2 = 77.1%, predicted R 2 = 42.4%), providing a statistical basis for understanding, rather than precisely predicting, application‐tailored diameter control in PVA nanofibers.