HISTOMORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE NASAL MUCOSA UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF EXOGENOUS CHEMICAL FACTORS (USING PESTICIDES AS AN EXAMPLE)

Relevance of the Research Topic. Under current conditions, the widespread use of pesticides in agriculture, industrial production, and domestic activities has made the problem of the effects of exogenous chemical factors on the human body particularly relevant. Changes in environmental conditions, the increasing scale of chemical substance use, and the growing exposure to factors that adversely affect the respiratory system emphasize the importance of scientific research aimed at studying the mechanisms of the toxic effects of pesticides on the body. In particular, studying the effects of pesticides on the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract is of considerable importance, as the inhalation route is one of the main pathways through which many chemical substances and pesticides enter the body. The nasal mucosa is an important protective component of the respiratory system that is in direct contact with the external environment and ensures the filtration, humidification, and warming of inhaled air. Due to the presence of pseudostratified ciliated epithelium, mucous glands, and the mucociliary apparatus, the nasal mucosa performs protective, transport, and local immune functions. Prolonged or repeated exposure to exogenous chemical factors, including pesticides, may lead to histological and morphological changes in the mucosa, damage to the epithelial layer, impaired function of the ciliated apparatus, development of inflammatory processes, and reduced mucociliary clearance. In the Republic of Uzbekistan, particular attention is being paid to environmental protection, ensuring ecological and toxicological safety, and reducing the adverse effects of chemical factors on human health. From this perspective, an in-depth study of the effects of pesticides and other exogenous chemical factors on organs and systems of the body, particularly on the mucous membrane of the upper respiratory tract, represents an important scientific and practical task. The present study is aimed at investigating histomorphological changes occurring in the nasal mucosa under the influence of exogenous chemical factors, particularly morphological changes developing in tissue and cellular structures as a result of pesticide exposure. The findings may contribute to expanding scientific understanding of the characteristics and mechanisms of the effects of exogenous chemical factors on the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract and may provide a scientific basis for improving preventive measures aimed at reducing the adverse effects of pesticides.