Tantangan Perlindungan Data Pribadi dalam Sistem Sertifikat Tanah Elektronik

in land administration in Indonesia, but it also creates legal challenges concerning the protection of personal data contained in electronic land records. Electronic certificates contain physical and juridical information related to land rights holders, making data security, access control, accuracy, and accountability important legal concerns. This article examines the legal protection of personal data in the implementation of electronic land certificates through normative legal research using statutory and conceptual approaches. The analysis focuses on the legal framework governing electronic land documents, personal data protection, data processing responsibilities, and the relationship between public access to land information and individual privacy. The findings indicate that electronic land certificates provide greater efficiency, facilitate data management, and reduce the risks associated with loss, physical damage, and document falsification. However, electronic management also creates risks involving unauthorized access, data leakage, misuse of information, inaccurate data, and weaknesses in human resource capacity. Law Number 27 of 2022 on Personal Data Protection and Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land Agency Number 3 of 2023 provide an important legal basis for protecting personal data in electronic land administration. Effective protection requires stronger system security, periodic data validation, access restrictions based on authority, clear accountability mechanisms, improved personnel competence, and public education to ensure secure and legally reliable electronic land administration.