Migrant Labour from Bihar in the Informal Economy: Employment Conditions, Wage Inequality and Social Security

An significant aspect of India’s informal economy is labour migration from Bihar, which is strongly linkedto wage discrepancies, livelihood insecurity, restricted work possibilities, and geographical inequality.This study looks at the effects of labour migration from Bihar at the family level as well as employmentconditions, pay disparity, working conditions, social security access, and occupational safety. The PeriodicLabour Force Survey (PLFS), National Sample Survey (NSS), government papers, Census publications,research projects, books, and reliable institutional sources are all sources of secondary data used in this study.To find the main trends and issues affecting migrant workers, a descriptive and analytical method is used. Theresults show that the majority of migrants work in labour-intensive jobs like construction, manufacturing,transportation, hospitality, and domestic work. With little negotiating leverage and insufficient workerprotection, employment is frequently transient and unstable. Occupation, skill, gender, and work arrangementsall have an impact on wage inequality. Significant obstacles to social security, healthcare, and workplacesafety are also found in the study, mostly as a result of institutional outreach, mobility, documentation, andlow awareness. Through earnings and remittances, migration offers significant household benefits, but it alsoincreases susceptibility to job shocks and growing living expenses. The study emphasises the necessity of fairand equitable work.. The study highlights the need for decent employment, fair wages, occupational safety,portable social protection, and improved livelihood opportunities in Bihar