Pengaruh Risiko Kredit dan ESG terhadap Kinerja Keuangan dan Nilai Perusahaan Perbankan di Indonesia pada Tahun 2022-2025

Financial performance and firm value are important indicators of the sustainability and market position of banking companies, particularly amid increasing credit risk and growing demands for sustainable business practices. This research examines the relationship between credit risk, Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) disclosure, financial performance, and firm value in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during 2022–2025. A quantitative explanatory approach was employed using purposive sampling, resulting in 17 banking companies and 68 balanced-panel observations. Credit risk was measured using the Gross Non-Performing Loan (NPL) ratio, financial performance was proxied by Return on Assets (ROA), firm value was measured using Tobin’s Q, and ESG disclosure was assessed using an index based on the GRI Standards 2021. Panel data regression was conducted through the selection of the appropriate estimation model using the Chow, Hausman, and Lagrange Multiplier tests. The results indicate that credit risk has a negative and significant effect on financial performance, with a coefficient of -0.342 and a probability value of 0.0020. ESG disclosure has a positive and significant effect on financial performance, with a coefficient of 0.185 and a probability value of 0.0140, while both variables jointly explain 48.6% of the variation in ROA. These findings highlight the importance of credit risk management and ESG disclosure in strengthening banking financial performance.