Gold nanoparticles effect on bacterial virulence factor formation with multiple drug resistance

The study aims to investigate how the local Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates' ability to form biofilms is impacted by gold nanoparticles. 47 samples are taken from burns (38%), urinary tract infections (7%), ear infections (4%), and wounds (51%). Fourteen isolates (29.78%) are found to be multidrug-resistant and to form biofilms. The sensitivity of isolates is evaluated using the Kirby-Bauer technique. According to the results, the largest percentages are found against levofloxacin, imipenem, ticarcillin, gentamicin, amikacin, piperacillin, ceftazidime, cefepime, and meropenem, respectively. Characterization of all isolates confirmed that they are P. aeruginosa. Only MDR are involved in this work. The quantitative evaluation of biofilm production is carried out using the microtiter plate technique (ELISA). The study also explores the green chemistry approach of creating gold nanoparticles using Camellia sinensis, or black tea leaf extract. The final nanoparticles pass all of the main investigations used to describe them, with SEM, FT-IR, XRD, and UV. The SEM images show spherical particles measuring 19 nm. The effect of the prepared gold nanoparticles as antibiofilm agents is studied at different concentrations (10, 20, 40, 80, 160) ppm compared to control sample. Analysis of variance shows that the highly significant effects (p<0.000) on biofilm formation. The results show the mean ± S.D. of the different treatments; the control concentration is 0 ± 0.104 ± 0.033, whereas the mean ± S.D. for the first concentration is as follows: 0.288 ± 0.075, 0.312 ± 0.092, 0.334 ± 0.119, 0.380 ± 0.090, 0.415 ± 0.0969, and 0.305 ± 0.131, respectively.