Teknik Lobi Asosiasi Pengusaha dalam Perumusan Omnibus Law Cipta Kerja: Pemetaan Aktor dan Dinamika Kepentingan Stakeholder

The dominance of business groups in the public policy making process has emerged as one of the structural issues in Indonesian democracy during the drafting of Law No. 11 of 2020 on Job Creation. This study aims to analyze the lobbying techniques used by business associations, particularly KADIN and APINDO, in the formulation process of the Job Creation Omnibus Law, as well as to map the actors and dynamics of competing interests among stakeholders that influence the substance of the resulting policies. The research employs a descriptive analytical qualitative approach through a document study of primary and secondary sources, including official government decisions, statements by business associations, reports from civil society organizations, and investigative journalism. The analysis is conducted using the Power Interest Grid and Actor Centered Institutionalism (ACI) frameworks. The research findings indicate that business associations employ five primary lobbying techniques: direct participation in the Omnibus Law Task Force, dominant representation on the drafting technical team, the development of a pro investment public narrative, the utilization of political networks through members of the House of Representatives with business backgrounds, and post enactment advocacy. The unequal distribution of power positions the executive branch, the House of Representatives, and business groups as players, while labor unions are relegated to the role of subjects who are structurally marginalized. This lobbying dominance has a substantive impact on the weakening of labor protections, the deregulation of licensing, and the reduction of environmental regulations, reflecting a tendency toward elite capture in the process of national strategic legislation.