Comparison of the Effectiveness of Positive Parenting Training and Choice Theory–Based Parenting Training on the Parent–Child Relationship

Purpose: The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of positive parenting training and Choice Theory–based parenting training on the parent–child relationship. Methods and Materials: This study employed a quasi-experimental design with a pretest–posttest control group and a follow-up assessment. The statistical population consisted of all mothers of boys aged 6 to 9 years enrolled in schools within Educational District 6 of the Mashhad Department of Education during the 2025–2026 academic year. Participants were selected using purposive non-probability sampling based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria (Group 1: positive parenting training, n = 15; Group 2: Choice Theory–based parenting training, n = 15; Group 3: control, n = 15). Following selection, participants were randomly assigned by lottery to the positive parenting training and Choice Theory–based parenting training intervention groups. Data were collected using the short form of the Mother–Child Relationship Scale developed by Pianta (1994). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (repeated-measures analysis of variance). Findings: The findings indicated that both interventions had a positive and statistically significant effect on improving the parent–child relationship. However, Choice Theory–based parenting training was more effective in strengthening the parent–child relationship. These effects remained stable at the follow-up assessment. Conclusion: Both educational approaches demonstrated practical effectiveness in improving the parent–child relationship. However, the Choice Theory approach, with its emphasis on empathic communication and understanding children's psychological needs, was more effective in fostering a deeper emotional bond between mothers and their children. It is recommended that future parent education programs integrate both approaches to maximize intervention effectiveness.