Ethnopharmacological survey on the traditional use of myrtle (Myrtus communis) in Northwestern Tunisia

Situated at the intersection of human and natural sciences, ethnopharmacology focuses on traditional knowledge and its potential for discovering new therapeutic agents. In this context, we conducted an ethnopharmacological survey on the traditional use of myrtle (Myrtus communis) in the Aïn Draham region (North-West Tunisia) to examine the population’s knowledge regarding its medicinal applications. A structured questionnaire with two sections was used: the first covering the demographic profile of participants (age, sex, education level), and the second focusing on the identification and uses of myrtle (parts used, treated ailments, preparation methods, and routes of administration). The data collected revealed that myrtle is widely used as a traditional remedy for various conditions, mainly digestive disorders (50%) and respiratory ailments such as flu and sore throat (34%). The most common preparation methods were maceration (40%), essential oil use (30%), and decoction (15%), while oral administration was the predominant route (90%). According to participants, the leaves were the most frequently used part (55%), followed by fruits and flowers. In conclusion, the information obtained from the inhabitants of Aïn Draham highlights the ethnomedicinal importance of Myrtus communis and provides a valuable foundation for future phytochemical and pharmacological studies aimed at exploring its therapeutic potential.