Supportive Resources, Work Engagement, and Contextual Performance Among Nurses: A Cross-Sectional Mediation Study

Background: Nurses’ contextual performance, defined as voluntary, extra-role behaviors that support colleagues, teams, and the organization, is critical to patient safety and care quality. Although individual, work, and interpersonal resources have each been linked to nurse outcomes, the pathways through which these resources are associated with contextual performance remain insufficiently examined in the nursing workforce. This study examined the relationships between individual, work, and interpersonal resources; work engagement; and contextual performance among nurses. Methods: A cross-sectional correlational study guided by the Job Demands–Resources model was conducted among 136 nurses working in healthcare settings in Saudi Arabia between 5 February and 11 March 2026. Data were collected using the Thriving in Nursing Questionnaire, the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale, and the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, multiple linear regression, and bootstrapped mediation analyses (PROCESS Model 4, 5000 resamples) were performed. Results: The sample was predominantly female (70.6%) and non-Saudi (63.2%), and most held a bachelor’s degree (75.0%), with a mean age of 32.73 years (SD = 6.92). Individual, work, and interpersonal resources and work engagement were positively correlated with contextual performance (p < 0.001). In the regression model, work resources (β = 0.40, p = 0.004), work engagement (β = 0.29, p < 0.001), and nationality (β = −0.21, p = 0.025; lower scores among non-Saudi nurses) were independent predictors, together explaining 35.3% of the variance (adjusted R2 = 0.29). Bootstrapped indirect effects of individual, work, and interpersonal resources on contextual performance through work engagement were statistically significant, indicating that work engagement statistically accounted for a modest part of each resource–performance association, with significant direct associations remaining. Conclusions: In the mediation models, individual, work, and interpersonal resources were associated with nurses’ contextual performance both directly and indirectly through work engagement. All variables were measured at a single time point, so these indirect effects represent statistical associations rather than causal mechanisms. These findings suggest that organizational strategies strengthening nurses’ work, personal, and interpersonal resources, particularly work resources, may support engagement and contextual performance.