Czech Women Scientists in the Course of Authoritarian and Democratic Regimes: Case Study for the Natural Sciences

Abstract Czech society continues to face challenges in increasing the representation of women in science, particularly in middle and senior management positions and in disciplines such as technical and natural sciences. This article seeks to elucidate the historical context of this issue by examining the career trajectories of female scientists during two distinct regimes: state socialism prior to 1989 and the democratic market environment thereafter. The study highlights the enduring influence of gender stereotypes and barriers within the scientific field, with particular emphasis on women’s maternal roles. Through the analysis and interpretation of personal narratives, the study explores the development and path dependency of this phenomenon, offering insight into the longstanding undervaluation of women in managerial positions within the sciences.