Clinical and Sociodemographic Profile of Animal Bite Cases: Prospective Observational Study in Eastern India

Background: Animal bite injuries are a significant public health issue globally, with a high incidence, particularly in countries like India.Dog bites, primarily from stray dogs, account for the majority of cases.While infections are common, rabies remains the most serious and preventable complication.This study focuses on the epidemiology, management, and complications associated with animal bites in South 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted over 2 years (January 2022-December 2023) at a government health facility.All patients seeking postexposure prophylaxis for animal bites were included, excluding bites from unknown animals.Data were collected through a structured questionnaire, including demographic details, bite specifics, and clinical examination.Follow-up was done for 1 month to monitor adverse effects following immunization (AEFI).Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.Results: A total of 2,888 patients were included, with 60% males and a predominant age-group of 21-30 years.Most bites were from peridomestic/ stray animals (63.85%), and 77.49% were unprovoked.The majority of bites were categorized as category III (53%), and the lower limb was the most commonly affected site.While 94.22% completed the antirabies vaccination (ARV) course, mild AEFIs, such as fever and delayed skin hypersensitivity, were observed in 1% of cases.Conclusion: Animal bites are a critical public health issue, with stray dogs being the main source.Adherence to vaccination protocols is crucial for preventing rabies, and mild side effects from ARVs are rare.Public awareness and adherence to national guidelines for management are essential to reduce the impact of these injuries.