Comparative Evaluation of Implant Stability and Crestal Bone Levels in Sandblasted, Large Grit, Acid-etched and Super Hydrophilic and Dual Acid-etched Argon Plasma-Treated Implant Surfaces in the Posterior Mandible: A Randomised Clinical Trial

Abstract Introduction: Surface modifications play a significant role in enhancing the osseointegration of dental implants and preservation of its surrounding bone. The present study aimed to compare the implant stability and crestal bone changes associated with sandblasted, large grit, acid-etched and super hydrophilic (SLA-SH) implants and dual acid-etched (DAE) implants treated with argon plasma in the posterior mandible. Materials and Methods: The present prospective randomised clinical trial included 30 healthy patients undergoing placement of dental implants in the mandibular posterior region. The participants were divided equally into two groups, with Group A consisting of SLA-SH implants and Group B consisting of DAE implants with argon plasma treatment. Resonance frequency analysis (RFA) was used to assess the implant stability at baseline and 3 months. Crestal bone levels around the teeth were measured using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). Results: Both groups demonstrated a statistically significant improvement ( P < 0.05) in implant stability over 3 months. The implant surfaces modified by SLA-SH exhibited significantly lower crestal bone loss across all surfaces. Implant stability did not exhibit any statistically significant difference between the two groups. Conclusion: While the implant surfaces treated with both SLA-SH and DAE plasma-treated surfaces achieved successful osseointegration and mechanical stability, the former exhibited superior crestal bone preservation.