Deterministic Bounding of Collatz Orbits
The primary reason the Collatz conjecture appears intractable is the widespread fallacy that orbital steps (division n and multiplication k) follow a random or chaotic distribution. In this paper, we demonstrate that these steps are not random; rather, they are governed by a strict deterministic lower bound (2^n >= 3^k + 1) embedded within the system's genetic code. By rigorously deriving the step ratio n/k > log2(3) ≈ 1.585 and establishing the structural step difference n - k = m, we formulate the parametric model (4^m >= 3^m + 1). We prove that as integers grow, the gap widens exponentially, making orbital divergence or alternative unbounded cycles mathematically impossible.
Authors
- Alper Pektaş (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4669-3474)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
- Published
- 2026-09-30
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23052867
- Primary Topic
- Benford’s Law and Fraud Detection
- Type
- preprint