The First Nomadic Civilization of Eurasia: A Testable Model of Its Genesis, Localization, and Place in the Ancient History of Central Eurasia

This article advances a model of the early emergence of nomadic civilization in Eurasia. The formative process is dated to the turn of the third and second millennia BCE, while civilizational status in the operational sense is claimed only for the mature phase of the Late Bronze Age. The proposed nucleus lies in the Central Eurasian mountain-steppe continuum (Sayan-Altai, Tian Shan, western and central Mongolia, eastern Kazakhstan). The most conspicuous material expression of the mature system is the world of deer stones and khirigsuurs of the fourteenth to ninth centuries BCE. The argument is organized as five working hypotheses (H1–H5), each with explicit falsification conditions. The article does not claim that civilizational status has been demonstrated; the decisive outstanding test is the distinction between an institutional network and ritual diffusion. Предлагается концепция раннего возникновения кочевой цивилизации Евразии. Начало формативного процесса относится к рубежу III–II тысячелетий до н. э.; цивилизационный статус в операциональном смысле утверждается только для зрелой фазы позднего бронзового века. Предполагаемое ядро системы локализуется в центральноевразийском горно-степном континууме (Саяно-Алтай, Тянь-Шань, Западная и Центральная Монголия, Восточный Казахстан). Наиболее ярким материальным выражением зрелой системы считается мир оленных камней и херексуров XIV–IX вв. до н. э. Концепция изложена в виде пяти проверяемых гипотез (H1–H5) с явными условиями опровержения. Files: English version (EN) and Russian original (RU).

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-09-30
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23055630
Primary Topic
Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
Type
preprint
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The First Nomadic Civilization of Eurasia: A Testable Model of Its Genesis, Localization, and Place in the Ancient History of Central Eurasia

Kuban Choroev, Omurbek Tekebaev
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
preprint

The First Nomadic Civilization of Eurasia: A Testable Model of Its Genesis, Localization, and Place in the Ancient History of Central Eurasia

Kuban Choroev, Omurbek Tekebaev
preprint en

Abstract

This article advances a model of the early emergence of nomadic civilization in Eurasia. The formative process is dated to the turn of the third and second millennia BCE, while civilizational status in the operational sense is claimed only for the mature phase of the Late Bronze Age. The proposed nucleus lies in the Central Eurasian mountain-steppe continuum (Sayan-Altai, Tian Shan, western and central Mongolia, eastern Kazakhstan). The most conspicuous material expression of the mature system is the world of deer stones and khirigsuurs of the fourteenth to ninth centuries BCE. The argument is organized as five working hypotheses (H1–H5), each with explicit falsification conditions. The article does not claim that civilizational status has been demonstrated; the decisive outstanding test is the distinction between an institutional network and ritual diffusion. Предлагается концепция раннего возникновения кочевой цивилизации Евразии. Начало формативного процесса относится к рубежу III–II тысячелетий до н. э.; цивилизационный статус в операциональном смысле утверждается только для зрелой фазы позднего бронзового века. Предполагаемое ядро системы локализуется в центральноевразийском горно-степном континууме (Саяно-Алтай, Тянь-Шань, Западная и Центральная Монголия, Восточный Казахстан). Наиболее ярким материальным выражением зрелой системы считается мир оленных камней и херексуров XIV–IX вв. до н. э. Концепция изложена в виде пяти проверяемых гипотез (H1–H5) с явными условиями опровержения. Files: English version (EN) and Russian original (RU).

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
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The First Nomadic Civilization of Eurasia: A Testable Model of Its Genesis, Localization, and Place in the Ancient History of Central Eurasia — Kuban Choroev, Omurbek Tekebaev · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS