Goat milk-derived Lactobacillus salivarius extracellular vesicles mitigate LPS-induced intestinal inflammatory injury in mice

Abstract Milk-derived Lactobacillus plays an important role in the adjuvant therapy of intestinal inflammatory injury, but the potential mechanisms of its involvement in the inflammatory regulation are still unclear. Recent studies have suggested that probiotic-derived extracellular vesicles are considered novel regulators in intestinal inflammatory injury. In the current study, we first isolated a strain of Lactobacillus salivarius with inflammatory regulation from raw goat milk. Subsequently, the preventive effect of Lactobacillus salivarius-derived extracellular vesicles on lipopolysaccharide-induced intestinal inflammation in mice was analyzed. Our results indicated that Lactobacillus salivarius-derived extracellular vesicles alleviated lipopolysaccharide-induced disruption of intestinal epithelial barrier function, activation of inflammatory signaling, and imbalance of gut microbiota in mice. Mechanistically, let-7 in Lactobacillus salivarius-derived extracellular vesicles targeted regulating MAPK8 gene expression in intestinal epithelium and mediating inflammatory signaling regulation. In summary, our results revealed the potential application value of milk-derived Lactobacillus salivarius-derived extracellular vesicles in intestinal inflammatory regulation.