Leveraging environmental sustainability orientation for green competitive advantage through green capabilities and AI‑driven big data analytics

This study examines how seaports translate environmental sustainability orientation (ESO) into green competitive advantage (GCA) through green dynamic capability (GDC), green technological innovation (GTI), and artificial intelligence with big data analytics (ABD). Based on survey data from 172 terminal employees at the Port of Kaohsiung, the results show that ESO is positively associated with GDC and GTI, and that GDC is positively associated with GTI. The direct associations of ESO and GDC with GCA are not significant, whereas GTI is positively associated with GCA, suggesting that innovation-based pathways may play an important role in GCA. In addition, ABD positively moderates the relationships of ESO and GDC with GCA. These findings offer valuable strategic insights for enhancing sustainable port operations and achieving sustained green competitiveness.