Emotional Dependence in Romantic Relationships: The Role of Attachment, Motivational Sensitivities, Self-Esteem and Life Engagement

Emotional dependence (ED) is a long-term pattern of extreme emotional neediness that individuals try to satisfy through their interpersonal relationships, particularly romantic relationships. The present study examined the role of attachment, motivational sensitivities, self-esteem and life engagement in ED and its various dimensions in the Indian context. Purposive sampling was employed and 114 participants were administered a socio-demographic data sheet, ED questionnaire behavioural activation system/behavioural inhibition system (BAS/BIS) scale, Rosenberg self-esteem scale, revised adult attachment scale and life engagement test. Pearson's correlation analyses indicated that various ED dimensions were positively associated with attachment anxiety and BAS/BIS sensitivities and negatively associated with self-esteem and life engagement. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that attachment anxiety, BAS and BIS significantly predicted ED, accounting for 21.8% of the variance (R 2 = .218, adjusted R 2 = .197), with attachment anxiety emerging as the strongest predictor. The findings highlight the relevance of attachment anxiety and the dual influence of approach and avoidance motivational systems in understanding and addressing ED. The observed associations of various ED dimensions with self-esteem and life engagement suggest that these factors may also be relevant targets for prevention and intervention efforts.