A reading of known relations among the constants: the Standard-Model strong-to-weak ratio at the Planck scale, 1.0768, as a ratio of units, and Koide's lepton relation as a balance between the same and the different
Run to the Planck mass with the Standard Model at two loops, and with no new particles in between, the measured gauge couplings (PDG 2025, CODATA 2022) give 1/α₃ = 52.98 ± 0.07 and 1/α₂ = 49.200 ± 0.008 at M_P. Their ratio is R = 1.0768 ± 0.0014 (1.0766 with the formulas of Buttazzo et al. 2013): a Standard-Model number, not a new result. This record proposes one reading of known facts. Inverse couplings are read as counts of readings per elementary cell; the inverse weak coupling as the count in the unit of time, the inverse strong coupling as the count in the unit of space, with counts inversely proportional to the unit. R is then the original ratio between the two units, taken as an initial datum. How to read this record. The order is: measured data; a direction declared as a hypothesis (the Standard Model running to the Planck mass); where the numbers meet, with two questions for each group (do they meet without the hypothesis? do other hypotheses make them meet?); and only at the end the proposed reading. Main results. The structural correlations used (electroweak mixing, dependence of the running on colours and on lighter particles, quadratic weight of charges, the proton's gravitational weakness from the running of the strong coupling) are known physics; the record lists who found them. Tested against gravity in three registered forms, only the ratio of units passes: as a physical difference between space and time R would give γ = 2R/(1+R) or 2/(1+R), about 1600 times the Cassini error away (about 59 times the combined error, including the working uncertainty of R); as a ratio of units it gives γ = β = 1. R does not fix the hypercharge coupling (eight simple rules tested). No constant is derived: 28 mechanisms registered before the calculation, for obtaining the strong coupling from the model's own counts, do not reproduce α_s(M_Z) (0.22 hits expected by chance). Part B, the lepton masses. The amplitudes of the mass term of a family split into a part shared by the three generations (the same) and a part that distinguishes them (the different). The proposed reading is that the two weigh the same: this is exactly Koide's relation, satisfied by the charged-lepton pole masses within their measurement uncertainty (about eight parts in a million). Applied to neutrinos, with the ΛCDM bound of 0.077 eV (PDG 2025) only the normal ordering remains, with a sum of neutrino masses of 0.0593 ± 0.0003 eV; the same relation was applied by Brannen (2006). The reading proposes a reason, an interpretation, not a new number. Part B.2, the quarks. Three rules registered for how colour shifts the balance do not hold for both quark families. Read in the mirror (inverse masses), the down-type quarks satisfy the balance within their uncertainties, a relation already in the literature; the up-type quarks do not. All computed numbers are produced by the code in the record (Python; a few minutes). Sources: the Review of Particle Physics (PDG 2024 and 2025 update) and CODATA 2022.
Authors
- Ugo Lanciano (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7618-9635)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
- Published
- 2026-09-30
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23055978
- Primary Topic
- Radioactive Decay and Measurement Techniques
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00