How Does Domestic Competition Affect Firms’ Foreign Market Expansion?

Abstract We examine how domestic product market competition shapes firms’ foreign market expansion. Using a panel of U.S. public firms from 1997 to 2017 and text-based measures of output offshoring, we show that stronger domestic competition increases foreign sales activity. To address endogeneity concerns, we exploit the competitive effects of policy-induced variation from staggered rejections of the Inevitable Disclosure Doctrine. Further tests indicate that these labor mobility shocks that intensify competitive pressure spur foreign expansion primarily among firms with stronger intangible and organizational capabilities and higher profitability. The findings suggest that domestic competition is an important driver of foreign market expansion.