Experimental Investigation on Dynamic Ice Adhesion Characteristics of Wind Turbine Blade Surfaces After Sand Erosion

To investigate the coupling effect of sand erosion and dynamic icing on ice adhesion strength of wind turbine blades in alpine regions, this study experimentally examines the single-factor and coupling effects of four key factors: separation temperature, icing temperature, loading rate, and surface roughness of eroded blade coatings. Single-factor analyses reveal that dynamic ice adhesion strength is generally lower than static ice but follows the same variation trend. It increases linearly with decreasing separation temperature and increasing sand-eroded roughness, and decreases linearly with increasing loading rate. A nonlinear relationship exists with icing temperature: when the separation temperature is lower than the icing temperature, the dynamic ice adhesion strength increases linearly with the decrease in icing temperature; when the separation temperature is higher than the icing temperature, the dynamic ice adhesion strength decreases linearly with the decrease in icing temperature. Orthogonal array testing demonstrates the hierarchy of influence, separation temperature > loading rate > icing temperature > surface roughness, with the first three factors exerting statistically significant effects. Furthermore, a regression equation of dynamic ice adhesion strength is established, which can provide an estimation basis for ice adhesion strength under untested parameters. These findings provide critical data support for the optimized design of wind turbine blade de-icing systems in alpine regions.