Coumarin-Piperazine Hybrids: An Investigation of Molecular Structure and Biological Activity (A Mini Review)

In this review, the effects of coumarin-piperazine hybrids on various biological targets are evaluated in light of current literature data (2013-2026). Coumarin-piperazine hybrids have been demonstrated to possess a wide range of pharmacological potential, including antibacterial, antimicrobial, antimalarial, antiviral, anticancer, antidiabetic, anti-Alzheimer's, and antitumor activities. In the context of the global health challenges posed by microbial resistance and neurodegenerative diseases, the high efficacy demonstrated by these hybrid molecules in preclinical studies is noteworthy. Furthermore, structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies indicate that the linker structure connecting the coumarin ring to the piperazine unit plays a decisive role in determining biological activity. Overall, coumarin-piperazine hybrids have emerged as one of the most notable hybrid systems in modern drug design due to their structural diversity and ability to interact with multiple biological targets. While studies reported in the literature demonstrate significant progress, particularly in applications targeting anticancer and neurodegenerative diseases, it is evident that areas such as tyrosinase inhibition, multitarget antibacterial antibacterial approaches, and translational pharmacology still hold considerable potential for further development.