Design and Experimental Evaluation of a Spring-Supported Double-Layer Piezoelectric Energy Harvester

This study presents the design and experimental evaluation of a spring-supported double-layer piezoelectric energy harvester (PEH). The proposed system was developed to improve energy harvesting performance using a double-layer piezoelectric disk configuration supported by compression springs. For comparison, a conventional single-layer PEH platform was also designed and tested under the same operating conditions. Experiments were performed under applied force levels ranging from 10 to 100 N and excitation frequencies between 0.2 and 1.4 Hz. The electrical output performance of both systems was evaluated in terms of output voltage, output current, and output power. The results showed that the spring-supported double-layer PEH produced higher electrical output than the single-layer configuration under all tested conditions. At 100 N and 1.4 Hz, the output voltage increased from 20.4 V to 37.4 V, the output current increased from 0.354 mA to 0.548 mA, and the output power increased from 7.222 mW to 20.495 mW. This corresponds to a power improvement of approximately 183.8%. The proposed PEH configuration demonstrates potential for harvesting mechanical energy and serving as an auxiliary energy source for low-power electronic devices.