Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) L’Hér. ex Vent., Microstegium vimineum (Trin.) A.Camus and Parthenium hysterophorus L. imported into the Netherlands via potted ornamentals or their coco peat substrate

Abstract While the presence of invasive plants as contaminants in potted plants is a well‐known phenomenon, its significance as a potential phytosanitary risk remains frequently underestimated. Coco peat, often used as a growing medium for potted plants, is also imported as a standalone commodity, creating an additional pathway for introduction. In this paper, we present the results of a dedicated survey of potted plants in the Netherlands, and report the first confirmed interception of Microstegium vimineum and Broussonetia papyrifera as a contaminant. In addition, we document the first European record of Parthenium hysterophorus directly linked to the import of coco peat from Sri Lanka. The herbaceous species ( M. vimineum and P. hysterophorus ) represent a substantial agricultural and ecological threat. They are included on the EPPO A2 List of pests recommended for regulation as quarantine pests and are included on the Union list of invasive alien species for the European Union. The tree B. papyrifera is also on the Union list of invasive alien species for the European Union and the EPPO List of Invasive Alien Plants. These findings demonstrate the risks of contaminated growing media and emphasize the critical need to prioritize inspections of these overlooked pathways.