A Positive-Coefficient Counterexample to the Weighted Forsgård–Shapiro Parity Bound

Forsgård and Shapiro proposed bounding the number of real zeros of a positive-coefficient polynomial by the parity changes among all indices at which (k+1)a_k^2 - k a_(k-1)a_(k+1) is positive. We give a counterexample with positive rational coefficients, parity count one, and at least three distinct negative real zeros. An even-degree shift of a degree-77 reciprocal-block seed makes the undesired weighted local quantities negative. A sufficiently small, strictly log-convex factorial prefix fills every missing coefficient without introducing a parity change or destroying the three roots. The explicit witness has degree 1,000,077; no optimal-degree claim is made. Its coefficients have a compact exact formula.This is a complete counterexample to final-journal Shapiro 2015 Section 7 Conjecture 9 (AMR-021-0014). The degree-77 unweighted seed is credited to the prior preprint at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23050917. This manuscript is self-audited and unrefereed, with AI assistance. No independent human peer review, formal proof-assistant certificate, exact total root count or absolute priority is claimed.

Authors

Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-09-30
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23051793
Primary Topic
Polynomial and algebraic computation
Type
preprint
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preprint

A Positive-Coefficient Counterexample to the Weighted Forsgård–Shapiro Parity Bound

Alper Ferudun
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Polynomial and algebraic computation
preprint

A Positive-Coefficient Counterexample to the Weighted Forsgård–Shapiro Parity Bound

Alper Ferudun
preprint en

Abstract

Forsgård and Shapiro proposed bounding the number of real zeros of a positive-coefficient polynomial by the parity changes among all indices at which (k+1)a_k^2 - k a_(k-1)a_(k+1) is positive. We give a counterexample with positive rational coefficients, parity count one, and at least three distinct negative real zeros. An even-degree shift of a degree-77 reciprocal-block seed makes the undesired weighted local quantities negative. A sufficiently small, strictly log-convex factorial prefix fills every missing coefficient without introducing a parity change or destroying the three roots. The explicit witness has degree 1,000,077; no optimal-degree claim is made. Its coefficients have a compact exact formula.This is a complete counterexample to final-journal Shapiro 2015 Section 7 Conjecture 9 (AMR-021-0014). The degree-77 unweighted seed is credited to the prior preprint at https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23050917. This manuscript is self-audited and unrefereed, with AI assistance. No independent human peer review, formal proof-assistant certificate, exact total root count or absolute priority is claimed.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Polynomial and algebraic computation
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