Measuring the Impact of Reusing Raw Materials Produced from Recycling Telecommunications Equipment on Carbon Emissions Using the LCA Method: The Case of Mobile Phones

This study investigates the environmental impact of reusing raw materials obtained from recycling telecommunications equipment, focusing on mobile phone production. The main objective is to compare the environmental effects of virgin and recycled raw materials within a life cycle perspective, covering processes from raw material extraction to factory production stages. The analysis evaluates carbon emissions as the primary indicator while also considering energy and water consumption as supporting indicators. The research was carried out in two phases. First, a manual calculation approach was applied using data from existing literature to estimate environmental impacts per mobile phone. In the second phase, the same dataset was modeled with software to ensure consistency and validate the results. Findings show that recycling significantly reduces environmental impacts compared to virgin material production. In the virgin production scenario, the production of one smartphone generated 2.4074 kg CO₂-eq emissions, consumed 56.08 MJ of energy, and required 0.0524 m³ of water, whereas the recycling scenario reduced these values to 0.2596 kg CO₂-eq, 10.37 MJ, and 0.00482 m³, respectively. Overall, recycling achieved approximately 89.2% lower carbon emissions, 81.5% lower energy consumption, and 90.8% lower water use per phone. Among the materials examined, the highest emission reductions were observed in precious metals and aluminum. Overall, the results demonstrate that recycling plays a crucial role in lowering environmental burdens and conserving natural resources. The study highlights the importance of integrating recovered materials into smartphone manufacturing and provides quantitative evidence supporting recycling as an effective strategy for sustainable production and environmental protection.