THE SANNER MODEL – Clock rates at the pole and the equator

In The Sanner Model (TSM), a clock's rate is determined solely by its total speed through the aether, and a clock at rest in the aether defines a universal reference rate. This paper examines three clocks: Clock A, at rest in the aether; Clock B, on the Earth's surface at the pole; and Clock C, on the Earth's surface at the equator. An initial application of the spherical aether flow v = sqrt(2GM/r) suggests that Clock C should run slower than Clock B, because the equatorial clock carries an additional tangential velocity from Earth's rotation, giving a predicted difference of approximately 38 microseconds per year. This paper shows that when the Earth's oblate shape is taken into account through the J_2 quadrupole moment, the two effects cancel exactly. The Earth's surface is an equipotential surface of the combined aether potential and rotational kinetic term, so the total speed through the aether is identical at the pole and at the equator. The model therefore predicts a strict null: Clocks B and C tick at exactly the same rate. This prediction is consistent with the Alley experiment (1977) and the NIST clock comparisons (1999-2014), both of which found that clocks at sea level tick identically regardless of latitude. A foundational point is emphasized throughout: the aether velocity field is not an independent postulate, but is derived from the aether acceleration field, which is the fundamental quantity of TSM. The null prediction is therefore a structural consequence of the model's ontology rather than a numerical accident. The paper also examines the periodic residuals predicted by the four-body aether velocity field: a daily variation of approximately 1 microsecond/day at the equator (zero at the poles), a seasonal variation of approximately 19 ms/day accumulating to about 3.5 seconds over six months, and a lunar modulation of approximately 0.1 microsecond/day. All three are within reach of modern atomic clocks and should already be visible in existing data; a null result would falsify them. The paper concludes with four falsifiable challenges: re-analyze the Alley and NIST data using the aether clock rate equation without GR-based corrections; search for the seasonal signal in atomic clock and pulsar timing data; search for the daily signal in GPS data; and re-analyze the NIST data with the aether clock rate equation.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-09-30
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23070193
Primary Topic
Historical Astronomy and Related Studies
Type
preprint
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THE SANNER MODEL – Clock rates at the pole and the equator

Gunnar Sanner
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Historical Astronomy and Related Studies
preprint

THE SANNER MODEL – Clock rates at the pole and the equator

Gunnar Sanner
preprint en

Abstract

In The Sanner Model (TSM), a clock's rate is determined solely by its total speed through the aether, and a clock at rest in the aether defines a universal reference rate. This paper examines three clocks: Clock A, at rest in the aether; Clock B, on the Earth's surface at the pole; and Clock C, on the Earth's surface at the equator. An initial application of the spherical aether flow v = sqrt(2GM/r) suggests that Clock C should run slower than Clock B, because the equatorial clock carries an additional tangential velocity from Earth's rotation, giving a predicted difference of approximately 38 microseconds per year. This paper shows that when the Earth's oblate shape is taken into account through the J_2 quadrupole moment, the two effects cancel exactly. The Earth's surface is an equipotential surface of the combined aether potential and rotational kinetic term, so the total speed through the aether is identical at the pole and at the equator. The model therefore predicts a strict null: Clocks B and C tick at exactly the same rate. This prediction is consistent with the Alley experiment (1977) and the NIST clock comparisons (1999-2014), both of which found that clocks at sea level tick identically regardless of latitude. A foundational point is emphasized throughout: the aether velocity field is not an independent postulate, but is derived from the aether acceleration field, which is the fundamental quantity of TSM. The null prediction is therefore a structural consequence of the model's ontology rather than a numerical accident. The paper also examines the periodic residuals predicted by the four-body aether velocity field: a daily variation of approximately 1 microsecond/day at the equator (zero at the poles), a seasonal variation of approximately 19 ms/day accumulating to about 3.5 seconds over six months, and a lunar modulation of approximately 0.1 microsecond/day. All three are within reach of modern atomic clocks and should already be visible in existing data; a null result would falsify them. The paper concludes with four falsifiable challenges: re-analyze the Alley and NIST data using the aether clock rate equation without GR-based corrections; search for the seasonal signal in atomic clock and pulsar timing data; search for the daily signal in GPS data; and re-analyze the NIST data with the aether clock rate equation.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
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Historical Astronomy and Related Studies
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THE SANNER MODEL – Clock rates at the pole and the equator — Gunnar Sanner · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS