Screening and Growth Performance Evaluation of Potential Multipurpose Trees and Shrubs for the Environment of East Shewa and West Arsi Zones, Oromia, Ethiopia

The study aimed to evaluate the growth performance of selected multipurpose trees and shrubs in the East Shewa and West Arsi Zones of Oromia, Ethiopia, emphasizing site-matching adaptation for agroforestry systems. Four species, Gliricidia sepium , Leucaena pallida , Millettia ferrugenia , and Tephrosia candida were chosen based on their availability and suitability for local conditions across two specific agroecology, namely lowland and midland. All tree seeds underwent nursery management before planting, and uniform planting procedures were followed at the trial sites. A spacing of 2 x 2 meters was used for planting all selected tree and shrub species. Results indicated that all species survived at trial sites, with survival rates ranging from 55.6% to 90%. Gliricidia sepium achieved a height of 131.5 cm and a survival rate of 83.3% at the Adami Tullu site, while Leucaena pallida reached a maximum height of 403.2 cm, demonstrating potential in lowland conditions. Millettia ferrugenia exhibited significant growth with a diameter at breast height of 3.434 cm and a height of 441.7 cm in lowland areas. Tephrosia candida performed better in midland conditions, reaching a height of 295.0 cm and a survival rate of 88.89%. In conclusion, Gliricidia sepium and Leucaena pallida performed well at both Negelle and Tullu sites, while Millettia ferrugenia showed the best performance at the Tullu site. Tephrosia candida highly performed at the Negelle site, representing midland ecology. The findings underscore the importance of adaptive trials in enhancing site management and optimizing the use of multipurpose trees and shrubs in agroforestry practices, thereby improving soil health, biodiversity, and community livelihoods. Finally, recommend incorporating these species into various agroforestry practices while considering broader growth factors.