A review on bioengineered nanomaterials for medicinal, environmental applications, and computational approach

Abstract This review reveals the preparation of nanomaterials from transition metals, particularly nickel, copper, and zinc, by green approaches using the naturally available plant extracts. The existence of bioactive molecules in the plant extract serves as a reducing and capping agent during synthesis. Different techniques have been applied to confirm the particle formation, purity, chemical composition, and morphological observations, such as the size and shape of the particles. Green nanomaterials are widely used in biomedical applications, such as antibacterial, anticancer, antifungal, and antioxidant, to determine reactivity efficiency. Furthermore, the binding efficiency of nanomaterials with amino acids of protein was confirmed by a computational approach, namely, molecular docking. In addition, green nanomaterials were extensively used as catalysts in environmental remediation, mostly for degrading organic pollutants in industrial wastewater. The methylene blue dye degradation efficiency of the green catalyst was reported under direct sunlight interaction.