Positive Mental Health in the Perinatal Period: Biopsychosocial Factors and Intervention Strategies

The aim of this review is to examine the biological, psychosocial, and environmental factors affecting positive mental health during the perinatal period in light of current literature, and to identify effective intervention strategies for promoting positive mental health. This narrative review was based on a structured literature search conducted in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and CINAHL for studies published between 2000 and 2025. Keywords related to the perinatal period, positive mental health, well-being, resilience, social support, and interventions were used. Eligible studies published in English and Turkish were grouped by study design and synthesized thematically within a biopsychosocial framework. It was found that biological (hormonal changes, physical health conditions), psychosocial (social support, levels of stress and anxiety, individual resilience), and environmental (cultural norms, access to healthcare services, economic status) factors influence positive mental health in the perinatal period in a multidimensional manner. Furthermore, psychoeducation programs, mindfulness-based interventions, strengthening of social support systems, and positive psychology approaches were identified as effective in promoting perinatal mental well-being. Promoting positive mental health during the perinatal period is a critical priority for the health of both mother and child, as well as for public health. Interventions should adopt a biopsychosocial approach and emphasize the importance of early detection and comprehensive support programs. Additionally, it is recommended to develop community-based interventions that encourage paternal and family involvement.