Feasibility and Preliminary Outcomes of the “Naru” Program, a Reiki-Informed Meditative Intervention for First-Year Nursing Students: A Single-Group Pilot Study
" Program, a Reiki-informed meditative intervention for first-year nursing students, and to estimate pre-post change in distress and well-being.DesignSingle-group pretest-posttest pilot feasibility study.MethodsInformed by Transitions Theory and holistic nursing, a seven-session hybrid program combined the spiritual precepts of Reiki with Joshin Kokyu Ho breathing meditation and guided imagery; five mental health nurses appraised its content. Of 413 students invited, 61 were screened, 29 eligible, 22 started, and 12 completed. Feasibility outcomes were uptake, retention, adherence, and acceptability; distress and well-being were assessed with the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales - 21 and the Psychological Well-Being Manifestation Measure Scale, with Wilcoxon signed-rank tests.FindingsThe program was delivered as designed and well received: participants reproduced the meditation independently, some during clinical placements. Uptake was 14.8% and retention 54.5%; attrition concentrated at year-end. Distress decreased and well-being increased on all retained subscales, with large effect sizes and bootstrap intervals excluding zero for all but one measure; reliable improvement was most frequent in well-being and happiness.ConclusionsDelivery and acceptability were established; recruitment and retention were not, and require changes to timing and recruitment before a controlled trial. Efficacy cannot be inferred.
Authors
- Maria Isabel Marques (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8720-2419)
- N. Sanmamed Salgado (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2993-6502)
- Tereza Maria Mendes Diniz de Andrade Barroso (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9411-6113)
- María Angélica de Almeida Peres (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6430-3540)
Institutions
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (BR)
- Instituto Português de Oncologia de Coimbra Francisco Gentil (PT)
- Instituto Português de Oncologia Francisco Gentil (PT)
- Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra (PT)
- University of Coimbra (PT)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Journal of Holistic Nursing
- Published
- 2026-09-30
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1177/08980101261488093
- Primary Topic
- Complementary and Alternative Medicine Studies
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00