A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF KSHIPRA MARMA W.S.R. TO ANATOMICAL STRUCTURES INVOLVED AND TRAUMATIC EFFECTS PRODUCED

Marmas are classified on the basis of their Rachana, distribution, Vikalpa, and Angula Pramana. The effect of trauma depends on the structure present there and the extend of injury. Here is a systematic review of Kshipra Marma, emphasizing the anatomy and the traumatic effects produced. By using the keywords Kshipra and Marma, 277 articles were found in Google Scholar out of which six articles were analyzed. Most of the studies describes tendon or nerve injury as responsible for deformity, and either hypovolemic shock or tetanus as the cause of mortality in Kshipra Marma injury. Tetanus usually occurs following an open wound- to any part of body- due to contamination with soil, manure, or rusty metal. But tetanus can also occur following other conditions like burns, ulcers, middle ear infection, inadequate umbilical cord hygiene, etc. Thus, tetanus may occur due to other causes and not strictly due to Kshipra Marma injury. But Acharya has described ‘Akshepakena Maranam’ for Kshipra Marma Vyadha. A detailed anatomical analysis suggests that the traumatic effects of Kshipra Marma extend to other conditions that affect the tendons, ligaments, and nerves of the first web space, leading to the consideration of conditions like De Quervain’s tenosynovitis, traumatic rupture of the ulnar collateral ligament, and complex regional pain syndrome in Kshipra Marma injuries.