WaterPuzzle: An Educational Activity Using a 3D-Printable Magnetic Molecular Model to Explore Hydrogen Bonding, Ice Crystals, and Hydration of Molecules

Abstract Understanding hydrogen bonding and molecular interactions in water is crucial for various scientific disciplines, including chemistry, physics, and biology. While molecular models incorporating magnets to simulate hydrogen bonding have been previously introduced, their potential as effective educational tools has not been fully explored. In this study, we present an educational activity that utilizes WaterPuzzle, a hands-on molecular model designed to help students explore hydrogen bonding and molecular interactions in water. This model allows students to physically assemble water molecules, observe the formation of hydrogen-bond networks, and explore ice crystal structures. Herein, we describe the scientific background, model design, and classroom implementation of this approach. Using WaterPuzzle, students can visualize and interact with hydrogen-bond networks and explore structural aspects of water that are difficult to experience with traditional molecular models.