Single-cell RNA sequencing of lumbar vertebrae in postmenopausal women with and without osteoporosis

This study aimed to map the comprehensive cellular and transcriptional landscape of human lumbar vertebrae affected by postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP). By applying single-cell RNA sequencing to surgical bone biopsies from PMOP and lumbar disc herniation, we aimed to identify which specific immune and skeletal cell types are altered by estrogen deficiency and how these changes contribute to bone remodeling.