A Naphthalenediimide‐Bridged Donor–Acceptor Polymer for Electrochemical Glucose Biosensing

ABSTRACT The previously reported naphthalenediimide (NDI)‐bridged donor–acceptor type electroactive monomer (NDI‐H‐T) was synthesized according to the reported procedure and electropolymerized onto a graphite pencil electrode (GPE) surface to obtain a conductive p(NDI‐H‐T) film. Subsequently, gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were electrodeposited onto the polymer‐coated electrode surface, and glucose oxidase (GOx) was immobilized to fabricate the GPE/p(NDI‐H‐T)/AuNPs/GOx enzymatic glucose biosensor. The developed biosensor was characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV) using a three‐electrode system with Ag/AgCl, Pt, and modified GPE electrodes. Experimental parameters including electrode type, electropolymerization cycle number, electrolyte pH, and enzyme immobilization time were systematically optimized. Under optimized conditions, the proposed biosensor exhibited a linear response toward glucose within the concentration range of 0.0189–3.21 mM, with limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values of 8.1 × 10 −3 mM and 0.0269 mM, respectively. Furthermore, the biosensor demonstrated satisfactory selectivity against common interfering species and was effectively used for glucose detection in pomegranate juice samples. The obtained results demonstrated that the p(NDI‐H‐T)/AuNPs/GOx biosensor provides an effective platform for electrochemical glucose sensing applications.