Powder–Liquid Versus Premixed Putty MTA from the Same Manufacturer for Full Pulpotomy in Permanent Molars: A Short-Term Non-Randomized Observational Cohort Study

Background/Objectives: Premixed calcium silicate putties are used in vital pulp therapy, but direct comparisons with powder–liquid MTA from the same manufacturer remain scarce. This exploratory study compared the short-term combined clinical and radiographic success of the two formulations in permanent molars treated with full pulpotomy for a recorded diagnosis of reversible pulpitis, and the association between cavity surface group and outcome. Methods: In this single-center, non-randomized observational cohort study with material allocation concealed during outcome assessment, treatment records (June–December 2025; patients aged 6–15 years) were screened, and eligible patients were recalled for standardized assessment (June–July 2026). Of 82 eligible patients, 60 (30 per group) completed recall; completion was 63.8% with powder–liquid MTA and 85.7% with putty. Two examiners assessed radiographs independently. The primary outcome was combined clinical and radiographic success; missing outcomes were examined in a sensitivity analysis. Results: Median follow-up was 11 months. Among recalled patients, combined success was 90.0% (27/30) with powder–liquid MTA and 93.3% (28/30) with putty (difference 3.3 percentage points; 95% CI, −12.7 to 19.7; p = 1.000). Imputing all missing outcomes as failures gave 57.4% and 80.0%, respectively. Success was 100% in single-surface and 88.6% in multi-surface cavities (p = 0.311). Conclusions: In this small, single-center, non-randomized cohort, both formulations showed high short-term success among patients who completed recall. Wide confidence intervals and differential loss to follow-up preclude conclusions about comparative effectiveness or equivalence; larger randomized trials with longer follow-up are required.