EXPLORING THE AGNI–GUT MICROBIOTA AXIS IN FEMALE INFERTILITY: AN INTEGRATIVE REVIEW

Aim: To explore the role of Agni and gut microbiota in female reproductive health and infertility through an integrated Ayurvedic and modern scientific perspective. Background: Infertility is not merely a medical condition; it can affect the emotional, psychological, social, and marital well being of a couple. Approximately 8%–10% of couples worldwide are affected by infertility. Agni plays a central role in digestion, metabolism, and tissue formation, while modern science identifies gut microbiota as a key regulator of hormonal and metabolic balance. This review integrates both perspectives to highlight their relevance in female reproductive health. Material and Methods: A narrative conceptual review was conducted by synthesizing classical Ayurvedic texts with peer-reviewed biomedical literature indexed in PubMed, Scopus, and google scholar. Search conducted using Keywords Agni, Aam, gut microbiota etc. Sources were critically analyzed to identify convergences between Ayurvedic theory and modern science. Conclusion: Agni maintains the formation and nourishment of Aartava and Shukra Dhatu via proper Paka and Rasa Dhatu formation. Impaired Agni leads to Aamvisha formation causing Srotorodha and Dosha vitiation which is responsible for Bandhyatva. Modern research shows that gut microbiota regulates estrogen metabolism, insulin sensitivity and the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian (HPO) axis. Gut dysbiosis is associated with hormonal imbalances and menstrual irregularities. Thus, the present study highlights Ayurvedic concepts of Agni and Aam closely correlate with gut microbiota and metabolic dysfunction which directly affects reproductive health. Clinical Significance: Restoration of Agni through Pathya Aahara-Vihara and Aushadhi improves hormonal regulation, ovulation, and reproductive outcomes. Thus resulting in good progeny and reducing infertility.