Etheldred Benett (1776–1845): The Geological Skills, Contributions, and Self-Perceptions of an Early Woman English Geologist

Etheldred Benett (1776–1845) historically received minimal recognition for her geological contributions within the early- to mid-nineteenth century. With independent wealth to support her interest in paleontology and stratigraphy, Benett amassed a large fossil collection, both through her own collecting efforts and purchases from paid collectors. Her official participation in professional geological societies was prohibited by societal gender constraints, but Benett found other means through which to contribute and impact the discipline. She willingly shared her fossils with gentleman geologists, and she donated numerous duplicate specimens to geologists and museums in several countries. Benett conducted paleontological and stratigraphical investigations, and while she could not read papers or publish within scientific societies, her endeavors are documented through reports that she shared, her self-published research monograph, and a plethora of correspondence with famous geologists of her day. Notably, Benett's and Gideon Mantell's (1790–1852) three-decade correspondence demonstrates Benett's paleontological knowledge and her self-perceptions of her geological skills. Benett documented her knowledge of fossils, stratigraphy, and building stones, and her surviving fossil collections demonstrate an early focus on micropaleontology and recognition of exceptional specimens. Benett referred to herself as a geologist. She can be considered a shadow colleague of her male peers.