Nutrition Management Strategies for Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes on Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists

Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are widely used to manage type 2 diabetes mellitus because they improve glycemic control, promote weight loss, and provide cardiorenal protection. However, evidence-based strategies for managing adverse drug reactions and nutritional issues remain poorly established for Korean patients with type 2 diabetes receiving these therapies. This review explores nutritional management strategies for patients with obesity and type 2 diabetes receiving GLP-1 RAs, based on expert opinion and the latest clinical evidence. The primary challenges associated with GLP-1 RAs include gastrointestinal adverse events, loss of lean body mass, calorie restriction-induced nutritional deficiencies, and weight regain following medication discontinuation. Therefore, effective intervention requires proactive management of gastrointestinal side effects, prevention of micronutrient deficiencies through improved diet quality, preservation of muscle mass through adequate protein intake and resistance training, and sustainable dietary and exercise habits to mitigate weight regain after medication discontinuation. Evidence-based nutritional and lifestyle management strategies play a pivotal role in optimizing therapeutic efficacy.