Digital Game-Based Learning in Early Childhood: Trends, Gaps, and Future Directions

Abstract With the increasing integration of digital devices into early learning environments, digital game-based learning (DGBL) has gained growing attention as a promising pedagogical approach in early childhood education. To better understand the current landscape of DGBL in early learning, this review examined 41 recent studies conducted across diverse international contexts, focusing on study designs, game implementation, pedagogical frameworks, and reported learning outcomes. Results revealed variation in the design and delivery of DGBL interventions, yet overall positive outcomes across various learning domains. The findings also indicated the need for more theory-driven and longitudinal research, along with improved consistency in reporting practices, to strengthen the evidence base and support the effective integration of DGBL in early childhood education.