A dual-action biotin nanogel for accelerated wound healing: a bioinspired approach to antioxidant and regenerative delivery

A biotin-coenzyme Q10-sodium alginate (BTN-CoQ10-SA) nanogel was developed for topical wound healing through combined antioxidant and regenerative delivery. The optimized nanogel showed a particle size of ∼115 nm, zeta potential of -35.1 mV, encapsulation efficiency of 88.3%, and sustained BTN release over 24 h. In a rat excisional wound model, the nanogel achieved 95.1% wound closure by day 14 and significantly outperformed the untreated control. Treatment also increased VEGF, collagen I, and TGF-β1 expression while reducing IL-6 levels. These findings demonstrate the potential of BTN-CoQ10-SA nanogels as a sustained topical system for promoting wound repair.