Integrated Three-Dimensional Modeling of Reservoir Facies and Petrophysical Properties in a Carbonate Geothermal Reservoir: A Case Study of the Wumishan Formation, Rongcheng Area, Xiong’an New Area

Medium- to low-temperature carbonate geothermal reservoirs exhibit strong multiscale heterogeneity under sparse well control. This study presents an integrated three-dimensional modeling workflow combining fault-constrained structural modeling, log-based reservoir-facies interpretation, multiple-point geostatistics (MPS), an MCF-Net-derived conditional generative network, and sequential Gaussian simulation (SGS). The workflow is applied to the Mesoproterozoic Wumishan Formation in Xiong’an New Area using 16 conditioning wells, with Well JTXC3 reserved for a case-level consistency assessment. The conditional model contains approximately 55% dense dolomite, 12% vuggy-fractured dolomite, 18% porous dolomite, and 15% microporous dolomite. Reservoir-prone facies and relatively high porosity, permeability, and temperature values occur mainly near structural highs and major faults, consistent with the regional geological interpretation. The study demonstrates how structural, facies, petrophysical, and temperature information can be coordinated in a field-scale conditional modeling framework. Internal overlapping-window subsets are used to assess model convergence and reconstruction consistency, while the JTXC3 comparison provides preliminary external evidence at the well scale. Broader comparative validation using spatially independent partitions, multiple withheld wells, baseline models, and realization ensembles is identified as a priority for future work.