ANUSHASTRA KARMA IN AYURVEDA (SHALAKYA TANTRA): A REVIEW OF CLASSICAL PARASURGICAL PROCEDURES

Introduction: Pain management and wound healing are significant challenges in modern healthcare, as pain impacts both the body and the mind. Ayurveda, the oldest system of medicine, emphasizes the treatment of pain and surgical conditions using both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods. Acharya Sushruta highlighted the importance of Shastra (Surgical) and Anushastra (Parasurgical) Karma, with Parasurgical methods being non-invasive or minimally invasive techniques that manage surgical conditions without traditional surgery. Methods: Parasurgical techniques (Anushastra Karma) such as Kshara Karma, Agni Karma, and Jalaukavacharana have been described for the treatment of various diseases. Parasurgical techniques are performed using non-surgical tools, often under local anesthesia and are designed to minimize complications, recurrence, and patient discomfort. Results: Shalakya Tantra is one among the branches of Ayurveda primarily concerned with procedures involving Anushastra Karma (Parasurgical techniques). Techniques such as Kshara Karma, Agni Karma and Jalaukavacharana have shown promising outcomes in reducing post-procedural complications and enhancing recovery. The use of Parasurgical methods has demonstrated effectiveness in managing pain and promoting wound healing while avoiding the risks associated with conventional surgery and anesthesia. These procedures are particularly beneficial in patients who are fearful of surgery or have co-morbid conditions that make conventional surgical interventions challenging. Conclusion: Parasurgical methods are an integral component of Ayurveda offering minimally invasive, cost-effective, and patient-friendly alternatives to conventional surgical procedures. Parasurgical techniques are beneficial in treating various disorders of the Head and Neck (Urdhvajatrugata Roga). They effectively manage pain, accelerate wound healing and reduce recurrence making them a valuable option in contemporary wound care and pain management and also reinforces the relevance of Anushastra Karma in modern clinical practice.