Climate Diplomacy And Sustainable Development: India's Role In A Changing World Order

Abstract: Accelerating environmental pressures have transformed global ecological action from a secondary policy domain into a core driver of state strategy and international relations. This study analyzes the strategic evolution of India’s climate diplomacy and its convergence with sustainable development pathways within a shifting multipolar structure. Historically defined by a defensive posture centered on developmental insulation, India’s approach has shifted toward a proactive, leadership-driven paradigm anchored in the principle of Common but Differentiated Responsibilities (CBDR). Employing a qualitative methodology grounded in content analysis of foundational international agreements, government policy documents, and contemporary scholarly literature, the study evaluates India’s dual identity: a staunch defender of Global South equity and an indispensable bridge connecting developing states with advanced economies. Major institutional initiatives such as the International Solar Alliance (ISA), the Coalition for Disaster Resilient Infrastructure (CDRI), and Mission LiFE reflect India's ability to shape global norms and support United Nations Sustainable Development Goals 7 (Affordable and Clean Energy), 13 (Climate Action), and 17 (Partnerships). Despite structural hurdles such as persistent coal dependency, climate finance gaps, and implementation barriers, the paper concludes that India’s climate diplomacy effectively harmonizes domestic development imperatives with global governance responsibilities.