rnel: a Python library for evidential reasoning that keeps contradiction, ignorance and retracted evidence apart

A single probability of truth cannot tell two confident sources that contradict each other from a fair coin, and a pipeline that removes discredited evidence can silently remove it twice. This article presents rnel, an open-source Python library for evidential reasoning that keeps these cases apart. It implements Subjective Logic, the Refined Neutrosophic Evidential Logic (RNEL) tuple, in which contradiction between sources, undetermination, an ill-posed claim and lack of evidence are separate components, the priority-product operators of the logics that RNEL extends with their base-rate-calibrated versions, ranking and decision layers, and an experimental ledger of signed evidence in which reports can be retracted per source and over-retraction is refused or flagged. The core depends only on the Python standard library; optional modules add neural evidential models and a zero-shot reader that builds a tuple from a claim and its evidence texts. Theoretical results are encoded as automated tests (450 tests pass), and a verification script checks the signed-evidence theorems numerically. Verification also found a non-monotone decision rule in version 0.1.0, in which a report supporting a claim could make the answer refuted; the article documents the fix. Four separation cases, the design, the interface and the limitations are described. The library is released under the MIT licence.

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Publication Details

Journal
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Published
2026-09-29
DOI
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.23040630
Primary Topic
Deception detection and forensic psychology
Type
article
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rnel: a Python library for evidential reasoning that keeps contradiction, ignorance and retracted evidence apart

Florentín Smarandache, Maikel Yelandi Leyva Vázquez
Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Deception detection and forensic psychology
article

rnel: a Python library for evidential reasoning that keeps contradiction, ignorance and retracted evidence apart

Florentín Smarandache, Maikel Yelandi Leyva Vázquez
article en

Abstract

A single probability of truth cannot tell two confident sources that contradict each other from a fair coin, and a pipeline that removes discredited evidence can silently remove it twice. This article presents rnel, an open-source Python library for evidential reasoning that keeps these cases apart. It implements Subjective Logic, the Refined Neutrosophic Evidential Logic (RNEL) tuple, in which contradiction between sources, undetermination, an ill-posed claim and lack of evidence are separate components, the priority-product operators of the logics that RNEL extends with their base-rate-calibrated versions, ranking and decision layers, and an experimental ledger of signed evidence in which reports can be retracted per source and over-retraction is refused or flagged. The core depends only on the Python standard library; optional modules add neural evidential models and a zero-shot reader that builds a tuple from a claim and its evidence texts. Theoretical results are encoded as automated tests (450 tests pass), and a verification script checks the signed-evidence theorems numerically. Verification also found a non-monotone decision rule in version 0.1.0, in which a report supporting a claim could make the answer refuted; the article documents the fix. Four separation cases, the design, the interface and the limitations are described. The library is released under the MIT licence.

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research)
Peace, Justice and strong institutions
Openalex Percentile: Top 7%
Deception detection and forensic psychology
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rnel: a Python library for evidential reasoning that keeps contradiction, ignorance and retracted evidence apart — Florentín Smarandache, Maikel Yelandi Leyva Vázquez · Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research) (2026) | TGRS Research Map | TGRS