Solution Combustion Synthesis‐Derived Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications: Design, Biological Interactions, and Therapeutic Potential

ABSTRACT Solution combustion synthesis (SCS) is an efficient method for the synthesis of nanoparticles (NPs). It involves self‐sustained exothermic redox reactions between metal precursors and fuels, enabling rapid nanoparticle formation. This method offers rapid, cost‐effective, and energy‐efficient nanoparticle synthesis, and shows considerable potential for scalable production. It can be used to produce nanoparticles, including metal oxides, alloys, and sulfides, with tunable crystallinity, high specific surface area, porous structures, and controlled dopant incorporation, depending on the precursor chemistry and combustion conditions. Although reaction parameters such as fuel chemistry, fuel‐to‐oxidizer ratio, ignition conditions, and post‐treatment can influence nanoparticle size, crystallinity, porosity, and surface chemistry, precise control over particle size distribution and morphology remains challenging because of rapid combustion kinetics, agglomeration, and thermal gradients. SCS‐derived NPs have attracted attention for their biological applications, including drug delivery, magnetic drug targeting, magnetic hyperthermia for cancer treatment, and biosensing. This review focuses on the design and scalability of SCS‐derived NPs, along with their interactions with biological systems and their potential in biomedical applications. However, challenges such as limited mechanistic understanding, reproducibility, and concerns related to biocompatibility remain critical barriers to clinical translation.